8 cases, on the record

Amazon

Codename · Project Nessie

The FTC alleges Amazon used a secret pricing algorithm, internally codenamed Project Nessie, to raise prices where it predicted competitors would follow and to keep them high when they did, generating more than $1 billion in excess profit. Amazon disputes the FTC's account.

UnitedHealthcare

Codename · nH Predict

A class action alleges UnitedHealthcare used an AI tool, nH Predict, as a hard cap on post-acute care for Medicare Advantage patients, and that roughly 90% of appealed denials were overturned. UnitedHealth says the tool is used as a guide and not to make coverage decisions.

Cigna

Codename · PXDX

A federal class action alleges Cigna used an algorithm called PXDX to deny claims in bulk, after ProPublica reported that its doctors denied around 300,000 claims in two months at an average of 1.2 seconds each, without reviewing the records. Cigna calls this a mischaracterisation of its process for speeding up payment of claims for routine, low-cost screenings.

RealPage

Codename · YieldStar

The DOJ alleged RealPage ran an algorithmic pricing scheme in which competing landlords shared nonpublic data through its revenue-management software to align rents. RealPage denies wrongdoing, and settled with the DOJ in November 2025 without a financial penalty or an admission.

Live Nation / Ticketmaster

Codename · Monopoly and dynamic pricing

The DOJ, 29 states and DC sued Live Nation and Ticketmaster in May 2024, alleging they monopolised live events through exclusive venue contracts, threats and retaliation; the coalition later grew to 40 attorneys general. Separately, Ticketmaster's dynamic "Official Platinum" pricing drew criticism when some 2022 tour tickets passed $1,000.

Uber

Codename · Algorithmic wage discrimination

Legal scholarship argues Uber uses each driver's data to make individualised pay offers, so the same work can be offered to different drivers at different rates. Uber's drivers have challenged their pay and status in courts in several countries; in 2021 the UK Supreme Court ruled they are workers entitled to the minimum wage.

Meta

Codename · Engagement algorithms

41 states and DC allege Meta designed features on Instagram and Facebook to keep young users engaged while knowing they harmed their mental health, and misled the public about the risks. Meta disputes the claims.

Kroger and Wendy's

Codename · Surveillance pricing

Senators and the FTC have questioned surveillance-pricing tools: electronic shelf labels, facial recognition and loyalty data that could let a retailer charge different customers different prices for the same product. Kroger says it has no plans to use facial recognition, and Wendy's says it will not raise prices at its busiest times.